Vertical farming is a future technology concept designed to enable sustainable agriculture and mass production of plant and animal products in multi-storey buildings (known as farm scrapers) in urban areas. It's a specialist form of urban farming. Based on a circular-economy model and hydroponics under greenhouse conditions, fruits, vegetables, edible mushrooms and algae can be produced all year round in building complexes on several levels, one above the other Proponents of vertical farming argue that this will return traditional agricultural production to its original natural state, thus reducing energy costs for transporting produce from producers to consumers. In addition, the greenhouse effect of atmospheric carbon dioxide is minimized by the circular-economy approach. Critics note, however, that there are additional costs for artificial lighting and other operational work in vertical farming, which cancel out the benefits of the proximity of production to the consumer.